№ 4, 2023
Компьютерное моделирование и автоматизация проектирования
А.Г. Макаров
Развитие методологии математического моделирования и цифрового прогнозирования деформационно-восстановительных процессов полимерных нитей
В.И. Вагнер, С.В. Киселев
Математические модели и качественный анализ деформационных процессов полимерных нитей для изготовления парашютных строп
А.А. Козлов, С.В. Киселев
Методы исследования релаксационных и деформационных процессов полимерных морских канатов
Автоматизация и управление технологическими процессами и производствами
В.И. Ваулин, С.А. Сингеев, С.В. Ваулин, Н.И. Филончик
Формирование компетенций инженера по автоматизации техпроцессов и производств
С.В. Киселев
Цифровое прогнозирование и системная оценка деформационных процессов парашютных строп
Управление в организационных системах
А.Ф. Тихомиров, Е.С. Цобкалло, С.В. Гладков
Управление финансированием инновационной компании (на примере стартапа в текстильной промышленности)
Системный анализ, управление и обработка информации, статистика
А.А. Козлов
Проведение качественного анализа деформационных процессов морских полимерных канатов
Н.В. Переборова, Н.С. Климова
Качественная оценка деформационных процессов полимерных текстильных эластомеров
А.В. Демидов, А.Г. Макаров
Проведение качественной оценки деформационно-эксплуатационных свойств полимерных парашютных строп
Технология производства изделий текстильной и легкой промышленности
Т.М. Борисова
Исследование впорности женской обуви с различной высотой каблука в реальных условиях подбора
О.Е. Гаврилова, Л.Л. Никитина, Н.В. Тихонова, З.И. Мухлисова
Проектирование однодетальной конструкции женского плечевого изделия рациональных форм и размеров для промышленного производства
С.С. Гришанова, В.И. Иванов, Е.Ф. Замостоцкая
Исследование и анализ качества пряжи из смесей шерстяных и полиакрилонитрильных волокон для трикотажного производства
Е.Н. Ерохина
Анализ поведения детали одежды с учетом физико-механических свойств тканого материала
Б.Ю. Прядезников, А.А. Прядезникова, О.А. Москалюк
Технологии создания и применение композиционных материалов с теплорегулирующими свойствами в текстильной и легкой промышленности
Технология и переработка синтетических и природных полимеров и композитов
А.С. Власова, М.С. Иванова, А.П. Михайловская
Исследование интенсифицирующего действия галогенидов N-цетилпиридиния/аммония при крашении волокон растительного происхождения активным красителем
Н.А. Иванов
Вариант придания окраски смесовому волокнистому материалу методом синтеза на нем моно- и дисазокрасителей
А.М. Михаилиди
Влияние условий химического восстановления по методу Туркевича на свойства наночастиц серебра в целлюлозных металлосодержащих гидрогелях
Теория и история культуры, искусства
В.Л. Жуков
Символьно-знаковые системы государственной власти европейских монархических династий в создании художественного образа парюры «Лев зимой» по сюжетам композиций готических романов
Д.П. Михайлюк, А.С. Кадер
Различия реализма и неореализма в изобразительном искусстве Италии
Материаловедение
В.Е. Беденко, И.Ю. Тропанихин, А.Е. Ерохина
Оценка светопогодоустойчивости окраски технических тканей по актинометрическим показателям погоды при натурных стендовых испытаниях
И.Н. Леденева
Обоснование технологических режимов деформации заготовки верха обуви из войлока
О.М. Иванов, Т.А. Сергеева, В.В. Лурье
Распределение ворсинок по величине заряда и его влияние на процесс флокирования
П.С. Карабанов, В.А. Харина
Проблемы оценки фрикционных характеристик подошвенных материалов
Б.М. Примаченко, Н.В. Калик
Моделирование структуры и механических свойств полипропиленовой ткани для армирования композиционных материалов. Часть 2. Моделирование структуры ткани
No 4, 2023
Computer modeling and design automation
A.G. Makarov
Development of methodology for mathematical modeling and digital prediction of strain-restoration processes of polymer threads
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_01
The article discusses the development of a methodology for mathematical modeling and forecasting of deformation-recovery processes of polymer threads. To increase the accuracy of the specified mathematical modeling and prediction of deformation-restoration processes, it is proposed to introduce a correction for the irreversible component of deformation, which corresponds to its plastic component. The introduction of the deformation reversibility coefficient into mathematical models of these processes makes it possible to clarify the predicted values of deformation and stress in deformation and deformation-recovery processes, which increases the accuracy of their prediction.
Keywords: mathematical modeling, numerical forecasting, textile materials, synthetic threads, elasticity, viscoelasticity, plasticity
V.I. Wagner, S.V. Kiselev
Mathematical models and qualitative analysis of deformation processes of polymer threads for the manufacture of parachute lines
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_02
The article discusses mathematical models of deformation processes of polymer threads for the manufacture of parachute lines, as well as methods for conducting a qualitative analysis of their deformation properties. Two types of mathematical models of deformation processes of polymer threads are considered.
Keywords: mathematical modeling, forecasting, polymer parachute lines, operational properties, relaxation processes, deformation processes
A.A. Kozlov, S.V. Kiselev
Methods for studying relaxation and deformation processes of polymer marine ropes
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_03
The article discusses methods for studying the relaxation and deformation processes of polymer marine ropes. This study is based on mathematical modeling of the viscoelasticity of these materials. It is shown that, as the basis for mathematical models of relaxation and deformation processes of polymer marine ropes, it is advisable to choose the integral function of the Cauchy probability distribution, which has the property of additivity.
Keywords: research, mathematical modeling, polymer marine ropes, deformation properties, relaxation properties
Automation and control of technological processes and production
V.I. Vaulin, S.A. Singeev, S.V. Vaulin, N.I. Filonchik
Formation of competencies of an engineer for automation of technological process-es and productions
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_04
The article considers the solution of automation problems by engineering graphics methods, which determines the objectives of the study. In the course of the study, it is concluded that the study of engineering graphics includes diagrams, graphic images, practices – their execution in graphic documents provides the formation of the basics of knowledge of engineers on automation of technological processes and production, which is further developed during the study of disciplines. Separately, it is worth noting the important role of studying the design documentation of products and processes of automation of industrial production. The analysis of the links between engineering graphics and industrial automation allows us to draw a theoretical conclusion about the high importance of the formation of knowledge necessary for an engineer to perform professional activities. At the same time, it is the basis for the development of professional competencies during the training of an engineer of automation of technological processes and productions. Forms the theoretical foundations of professional growth. Practical representation and assimilation of dimensional, graphic images of automation elements during the study of engineering graphics forms the basis for the effective formation of professional competencies of a student during the study of special disciplines. Determines the ability to carry out elements of applied scientific research and project activities of the student at an early stage. This determines the practical significance of the study.
Keywords: Automation, GOST, engineering graphics, scheme, object, symbols, electrical equip-ment, elements, equipment
S.V. Kiselev
Digital forecasting and system assessment of deformation processes of parachute slanings
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_05
The methods being developed for digital prediction of deformation processes in parachute lines are based on mathematical modeling and systematic assessment of viscoelastic processes in polymers. Solving the problem of qualitative analysis of the deformation properties of parachute lines will improve the performance characteristics of domestic parachute systems, increase their safety, functionality and competitiveness.
Keywords: digital forecasting, mathematical modeling, polymer materials, parachute lines, qualitative assessment, deformation processes
Management in organizational systems
A.F. Tikhomirov, E.S. Tsobkallo, S.V. Gladkov
Financing management of an innovative company (on the example of a startup in the textile industry)
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_06
The paper considers the method of venture capital in managing investments in an innovative project related to the production of textile yarns and fabrics, and also presents the tools used by founders and investors at different stages of the process of attracting investments in a startup.
Keywords: innovation, startup, venture capital, capitalization table
System analysis, management and information processing, statistics
A.A. Kozlov
Conducting a qualitative analysis of deformation processes of marine polymer ropes
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_07
The article discusses the issues of conducting a qualitative analysis of deformation processes of marine polymer ropes. The above qualitative analysis of deformation processes is based on mathematical modeling of these processes.
Keywords: mathematical modeling, qualitative analysis, polymer marine ropes, deformation properties, relaxation properties
N.V. Pereborova, N.S. Klimova
Qualitative assessment of deformation processes of polymer textile elastomers
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_08
Methods for conducting a qualitative assessment of the deformation processes of polymer textile elastomers are considered. Mathematical modeling and further qualitative analysis of these materials allows us to evaluate their functional characteristics.
Keywords: polymer textile elastomers, functional properties, performance properties, mathematical modeling, qualitative analysis
A.V. Demidov, A.G. Makarov
Conducting a qualitative assessment of the deformation-performance properties of polymer parachute slangs
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_09
The article discusses the issues of conducting a qualitative assessment of the deformation and operational properties of polymer parachute lines. At the same time, various options for mathematical modeling and prediction of their relaxation and deformation processes are considered. The elastic, viscoelastic and plastic properties of polymer parachute lines of various component compositions are also assessed.
Keywords: mathematical modeling, forecasting, polymer parachute lines, operational properties, relaxation processes, deformation processes
Technology for the production of textile and light industry products
T.M. Borisova
The study of the fit of women's shoes with different heel heights in real conditions of choice
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_10
A study was made of the preferences of customers when choosing shoes, an analysis of modern lasts for women's shoes, a discrepancy between the sizes of shoes bought by women and the actual sizes of the feet for which these shoes are intended was established.
Keywords: shoes, shoe comfort, size, shoe last, foot length
O.E. Gavrilova, L.L. Nikitina, N.V. Tikhonova, Z.I. Mukhlisova
Designing a one-piece structure of a female garment of rational shapes and sizes for industrial production
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_11
With the change in the ecological thinking of the population, simple, environmentally friendly, original designs of garments have become more relevant than ever. Ecodesign can be considered one of the directions for the development of production and design of modern women's clothing, the implementation of the principles of which creates conditions for increasing the efficiency of designed models. One-piece, low-waste designs of modern clothing, developed on the basis of shell forms that are freely fixed on the figure through draperies, are promising within the framework of ecodesign. Such structures can be obtained in various ways: by a simplified calculation of the sweep calculation or by means of constructive modeling. The article considers an example of a one-piece design of a long vest, a medium-length vest and a top that differ in length and materials. Depending on the plastic properties of the material, it is possible to obtain more rigid forms or soft falling ones. Industrial enterprises can, with a relatively simple reorientation of the design process and the organization of production, can expand their range of original products based on one-piece structures. For products of such designs, various groups of modern materials can be used, the properties of which can be used most rationally due to the absence of cuts. Depending on the crumbling (opening) of the material, the product can already be obtained as a result of cutting without technological processing or using low-operational production technology and standard equipment. The experimental work carried out by the authors is devoted to determining the rational dimensions of the part.
Keywords: detail, vest, construction, models, clothing, design, calculation
S.S. Hryshanava, U.I. Ivanov, А.F. Zamastotskya
Research and analysis of the quality of yarn from mixtures of woolen and polyacrylonitrile fibers for knitted production
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_12
In the article are presented the results of a study and analysis of standardized and non-standardized quality indicators of 31 tex yarn samples with different percentages of wool and PAN fibers. On the basis of researches recommendations are developed for the production of high-quality yarn 31 tex from mixtures of wool and polyacrylonitrile fibers, intended for the production of outer knitwear.
Keywords: cost reduction, worsted yarn, quality, wool, polyacrylonitrile fibers
Е.N. Erokhina
Analysis of the behavior of a garment part, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the woven material
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_13
The article presents the results of the implementation of an approach to modeling the behavior of a garment part made of woven material, based on the use of generalized behavior models and the finite element method (FEM). Modeling the behavior of clothing parts using FEM allows you to analyze in detail the stress-strain state of a particular product under given conditions of spatial deformation and develop quantitative recommendations for improving the design of the product.
Keywords: textile material, fabric, nonlinear behavior, finite element method (FEM), clothing design
B.Yu. Pryadeznikov, A.A. Pryadeznikova, O.A. Moskaluk
Technologies for creation and application of composite materials with heat regulating properties in textile and light industry
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_14
A review of the technology for creating heat-regulating composite materials in the textile and light industry is presented. Phase change materials that absorb or release thermal energy to regulate temperature have been studied. Various types of phase change materials, production methods and their applications are reviewed. Attention is paid to traditional (impregnation and stamping) and alternative (electroforming) methods for creating textile materials with heat-regulating properties.
Keywords: textiles, heat regulation, phase transition, fillers, composites
Technology and processing of synthetic and natural polymers and composites
A.S. Vlasova, M.S. Ivanova, A.P. Mikhailovskaya
Study of the intensifying effect of halogenides N-cetylpyridinium/ammonium when dying plant fibers with an active dye
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_15
The article is devoted to the study of the process of dyeing natural fibers based on cellulose (cotton, flax, nettle, hemp) with active dyes using ammonium and pyridinium salts as an intensifier. The basis of the intensifying action of quaternary ammonium salts is revealed from the point of view of intermolecular interactions in the aqueous system “cellulose - active dye - intensifier”. An experimental analysis of the intensifying effect of ammonium and pyridinium salts in the process of periodic dyeing of cellulose fibers with a bifunctional active dye was carried out.
Keywords: dyeing of textile fibers, color intensity, hydrolysis, N-cetylpyridinium chloride, trimethylcetylammonium bromide
N.A. Ivanov
Dyeing of mixed fabrics by synthesis of azo dyes
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_16
In order to expand the use of domestic dyes in the textile industry, a technology for dyeing mixed textile materials based on the synthesis of insoluble azo dyes on a fibrous substrate capable of covalent fixation with the formation of dyes with high colour intensity and fastness properties has been developed.
Keywords: mixed fabrics, dyeing, azo dyes, covalent fixation, technology optimization, colour quality
A.M. Mikhailidi
Impact of chemical reduction conditions using the Turkevich method on the properties of silver nanoparticles in cellulose/metal composite hydrogels
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_17
This study focuses on utilizing hydrogels with concentrations ranging from 1% to 3%, obtained through the dissolution of cellulose powders from flax, wood, and cotton in DMAA/LiCl solutions and the following regeneration, as matrices for synthesizing silver nanoparticles via the Turkevich method, employing sodium citrate as a reducing agent. The investigation delves into the impact of molar ratios of silver ions to citrate ions (MR Ag/cit) on the content, size distribution, and antimicrobial effectiveness of silver nanoparticles within cellulose/silver composite hydrogels (CHGs). The outcomes elucidated that altering the MR Ag/cit ratio from 1:1 to 1:5 instigated the generation of smaller silver nanoparticles, spanning a range of 10–50 nm. Concurrently, a rise in silver content within CHGs correlated with higher sodium citrate concentrations. The maximum silver content (5.66%) was achieved in CHGs derived from cotton microcrystalline cellulose. Employing the XPS method, the study validated the presence of silver in a zero-valent chemical state within CHG, with the main Ag3d5/2 line exhibiting a binding energy of 368.59 eV. Cellulose hydrogels demonstrated an impressive water-holding capacity, spanning from 35.37 to 44.68 g/g. As cellulose concentration increased and silver nanoparticles were introduced, the water-retaining capacity of the hydrogels diminished. Furthermore, CHGs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, yielding maximum growth inhibition zones of 13 and 14 cm, respectively. Notably, variations in MR Ag/cit across the studied range did not significantly impact the antibacterial activity of CHGs. The outcomes of this study suggest the potential utility of the resultant materials for wound dressings and various biomedical applications.
Keywords: cellulose, hydrogel, silver, nanoparticles, antimicrobial properties
Theory and history of culture and art
V.L. Zhukov
Symbolic and Symbolic Systems of State Power of European Monarchical Dynasties in the Creation of the Artistic Image of the Parure "The Lion in Winter" on the Plots of the Compositions of Gothic Novels
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_18
In this paper, modern methods of creating images of design objects represented by visual cognitive information dynamic systems as applied to the design of jewelry images are considered based on the results of research by the linguo-combinatorial method of the Gothic novel dedicated to the Plantagenet dynasty.
Keywords: jewelry, visual cognitive information dynamic systems, information technology, post-nonclassical research methodology, heraldry
M.D. Pavlovich, A.S. Kader
Differences between realism and neorealism in the visual arts in Italy
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_19
The article is devoted to the main differences between realism and neorealism in the visual arts in Italy. The cultural context that contributed to the development of both trends was analyzed. The general factors as well as characteristic features of the fine arts of realism and neorealism are revealed. The influence of the ideas of romanticism on realist art and the main cultural positions of Novecento works on neorealism in Italian painting are mentioned. Understanding the main differences between realism and neorealism presents the context of both phenomena more vividly, and also contributes to the emergence of a discussion about the boundaries of these currents of art.
Keywords: realism, neorealism, romanticism, symbolism, novecento, Italian visual art, society
Materials Science
V.E. Bedenko, I.Yu. Tropanikhin, A.E. Erokhina
Assessment of light-weather color fastenance of technical fabrics by actinometric weather indicators during field bench tests
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_20
An assessment of the color stability of textile materials during full-scale bench tests is proposed, based on instrumental measurements with a spectrophotometer of the preservation of color darkness after exposure to total solar radiation entering the area of the samples at a given value of 2500 MJ/m2. An attempt has been made to evaluate the light-weather fastness of color quantitatively without using expensive, scarce scales of gray and blue standards.
Keywords: fabric coloring, color fastness to weather, full-scale bench tests, actinometry
I. N. Ledeneva
Substantiation of technological modes of deformation of shoe upper from felt on the basis of analysis of experimental results
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_21
The article is devoted to the substantiation of the technological modes of deformation of the workpiece of the top of shoes made of felt. The article presents the results of a study of the semi-cycle characteristics of the deformation-strength properties of fine-wool felts for uppers. The results of the experiment will make it possible to assess the degree of influence of the fibrous composition of the felt on the technological modes of deformation and to reasonably choose the tightening speed of the shoe upper.
Keywords: dimensional stability, preparation of shoe uppers from felt, technological modes of deformation, physical and mechanical properties of shoes
O.M. Ivanov, T.A. Sergeeva, V.V. Lure
The distribution of the pile by the charge value and its effect on the flocking process
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_22
The article is devoted to the technology of forming a pile coating by applying charged pile in a high voltage electric field, called electroflocking technology. In all existing models describing this technology, the charge of the villi is assumed to be the same. At a constant electric field tension the charge is determined by chemical treatment of the pile. It can be said with certainty that there is a distribution of villi according to the value of charge and the charging coefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to assess how the dispersion of such a distribution will affect the magnitude of the current density generated by the charged pile.
Keywords: pile, charge, electroflocking, electric field tension, current density, pile coating
P.S. Karabanov, V.A. Kharinа
Problems of evaluation of frictional characteristics of plantar materials
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_23
The paper summarizes scattered literature data on the coefficient of sliding friction of plantar materials on different support surfaces. It is revealed that many frictional characteristics of the same sliding friction pairs, presented in different literary sources, differ significantly. It is shown that these data discrepancies are due to the use of insufficiently sensitive means of measuring sliding friction forces, non-compliance with the temperature conditions of experimental studies, insufficient differentiation of the support surfaces by their degree of roughness, and plantar materials by their chemical nature, changes in the roughness of the support surfaces during repeated measurements. The requirements for conducting experimental determinations of the friction characteristics of plantar materials are formulated, which will allow obtaining reproducible measurement results, as well as correctly interpreting the known data presented in the literature.
Keywords: plantar materials, density, sliding friction coefficient, bearing surface, friction characteristics
Primachenko B. M., Kalik N. V.
Simulation of the structure and mechanical properties of polypropylene fabric for the reinforcement of composite materials. Part 2. Simulation of the fabric structure
DOI: 10.46418/0021-3489_2023_62_04_24
The work is devoted to simulation of the polypropylene fabric structure. Experimental stud-ies of fabric structure parameters were carried out. The results of experimental studies were pro-cessed according to standard methods of the state system for ensuring the uniformity of mea-surements. Mathematical models of the dependence of the parameters of the fabric structure on the density of the fabric have been constructed. Extrapolation of the obtained models to a wider range of fabric densities was performed.
Keywords: polypropylene fabric, parameters of the construction, parameters of the struc-ture, simulation of the structure, mathematical models